Not absolutely all product that has been taped was coded. As our focus ended up being on scripted programming, we excluded day-to-day news broadcasts, game shows, sports programs and occasions, and paid programming, in addition to all types of commercials along with other promotions ( e.g., teasers for community programs). Although music videos had been taped, they certainly were coded and analyzed individually for their unique traits and they are maybe maybe not reported here. The analyses offered in this paper, nevertheless, do are the video that is nonmusic from cable music entertainment channels including talk programs, variety/comedy shows, and truth programs.
In addition, suggests that had been incomplete simply because they started before 3:00 p.m. or ended after 11:00 p.m. are not coded. Finally, episode repeats had been eradicated through the test.
The sample that is final the 2001 2002 season contained 1,276 unique system episodes, whereas the last test for the 2002 2003 period included 1,439 unique program episodes. The test for the 2nd content analysis had been notably bigger than the initial 12 months’s sample once we produced concerted work in 12 months 2 to ensure we had three episodes of each and every nonsyndicated show. Despite strict adherence into the sampling plan, extra taping was needed whenever, as an example, brand brand new programs joined the autumn lineup following the start of year to replace for cancelled programs or if the time and time slot for a set ended up being changed.
The codebook when it comes to bigger research ended up being based considerably in the factors manufactured by Kunkel and colleagues (1999, 2001, 2003) within their content analyses conducted for the Kaiser Family Foundation.
We created extra things, including those on exact exact same intercourse intimate behavior and sexual talk associated with nonheterosexuals. As opposed to Kunkel and peers, whom utilized the scene once the unit that is primary of, our content analyses involved coding for intimate content in 2 moment periods of system time. Because scenes differ quite a bit in total and, therefore, usually do not offer a consistent device of measure to make evaluations across programs, we utilized a standard coding product according to time. Coding media programming in designated time intervals has been utilized often by other scientists conducting content analyses across different system genres including films, detergent operas, and music videos (Hazan, Lipton, & Glantz, 1994; Lowery, 1980; Roberts, Christenson, Henriksen, & Bandy, 2002; Roberts, Henriksen, & Christenson, 1999; Sommers Flanagan, Sommers Flanagan, & Davis, 1993; Stockwell & Glantz, 1997; Terre, Drabman, & Speer, 1991).
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For purposes of the content analysis, intercourse had been understood to be any depiction of sexual intercourse, intimately suggestive behavior, or any speak about sex or activity that is sexual. To be conservative and prevent overcoding sexual content, communications about sex were differentiated from nonsexual messages associated with love and relationships, that have been maybe maybe perhaps not coded. As an example, a declaration such as “I favor my boyfriend” wouldn’t be coded whereas a declaration such as “I made like to my boyfriend” will be coded.
Same intercourse behavior that is sexual
Every 2 moment period that were coded as containing a minumum of one sort of sexual intercourse monitored in the primary coding task flirting, kissing, intimate touching, sexual intercourse suggested, sexual activity depicted, as well as other intimate behavior 2 ended up being additionally evaluated when it comes to existence of exact same intercourse behavior that is sexual. Because of this product, programmers utilized a yes/no response format to point whether some of the sexual behavior depicted within the period took place between two different people for the same intercourse.
Mention nonheterosexual issues that are sexual
Each 2 minute period that was indeed coded as containing one or more example of talk through the intimate talk groups found in the primary coding task transexual big cocks ( e.g., reviews about own/others’ intimate actions or passions, speak about sexual activity who has currently occurred, speak about sex crimes) had been also coded for whether some of the intimate talk linked to nonheterosexuals. Because of this item, programmers again utilized a yes/no response format to point whether some of the talk that is sexual the intimate passions or issues of nonheterosexual people. Frequently, such reviews pertaining to gays and lesbians, although sporadically they certainly were related to bisexuals.