However, that does not mean the chemical imbalances that cause depression or anxiety are gone; they are simply amplified, or in some instances, reduced. It appears that the different mental health illnesses may be interconnected in a web or network, which is maintained through neurotransmitter function. By testing and observing neurotransmitter function, one could obtain coordinates to see where in the web or network the issues with neurotransmitter are occurring. Errors in the ECS, which influence mood and perception, would help to explain these errors and malfunctions. Therefore, mental illness may be influenced by errors in the ECS as a result of miscommunication of the neurotransmitters.
In addition to their role with the GABA/glutamate neurotransmitters, the ECS has also been shown to play a direct role in controlling mitochondrial malfunction. As previously mentioned, the ECS is known to modulate many pathways, including Ca2+ channels, Kir, MAPK, e/iNOS, mTor, and ceramide production.
Benzodiazepines are listed as a schedule IV drug (United States Drug Enforcement Administration, n.d.), which implies that along with its ability to treat disease, it has a relatively low potential for abuse. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse , there were approximately 8,700 overdose-related deaths in 2015, which was a 4.3-fold increase from 2002. Based on this information, it would be logical to assume mental illnesses can be connected through a series of similar neurochemical imbalances and the resulting symptoms. These can then be amplified and may produce new symptoms such as hallucinations or extreme mania.
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For example, Gleevec has been shown to be especially effective as an anti-cancer treatment. However, this renders its use very selective, such that it has a high success rate only if the Philadelphia chromosomal abnormality is present .
How Does Cbd Actually Effect Your Body?
The primary action of benzodiazepines is to bind to a pocket formed by GABA’s alpha and gamma subunits (Griffin III, Kaye, Bueno, & Kaye, 2013). This results in the conformational change in the GABA-A receptor, which induces the inhibitory effect of GABA. GABA is highly concentrated in the limbic system, which is the system most closely associated with addiction. This is one of the most prevalent issues with benzodiazepines, as focusing solely on GABA increases the chance for addiction. Benzodiazepine’s short half-life contributes to the extremely addictive nature of the drug.
- The question many people always ask is “how does CBD work in the human body?
- While CBD doesn’t attach directly to the CB1 receptor, studies show that it acts in a negative allosteric method where it changes the shape of the CB1 receptor in a way that weakens CB1’s ability to bind with THC.
- People don’t feel as “high” when consuming CBD-rich cannabis or consuming a THC product along with CBD.
- This explains CBD’s ability to inhibit the intoxicating effects caused by THC.
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This demonstrates that the ECS has a firm “hold” over mitochondrial production (Nunn, Guy, & Bell, 2012). Through these different pathways, various endocannabinoids are expressed, exhibiting a system of diverse responses within these pathways. CBD oil These range from increasing/decreasing apoptosis, increasing nNOD in neurons, and decreasing iNOS in astrocytes. Common forms of cancer treatment include radiotherapy, which blasts cancer cells with radiation in hopes of eradicating all of the cancer cells, is not a sustainable treatment.
An additional problem with drugs such as Gleevec is their effect on the p-glycoprotein , which functions as a “selective pump” in the blood-brain barrier and other various sanctuaries in the body. However, this function backfires with various anti-cancer drugs, as it tends to pump them out in an attempt to detoxify the body. Treatments that would directly affect the ECS might be more beneficial than medication currently used to treat mental illnesses. This is due to the ability of cannabinoids to correct the neurochemical imbalances by attacking the source of the issue, rather than just attempting to alleviate the symptoms. For anxiety, SSRIs are a common treatment; however, benzodiazepines are becoming the most prevalent form of treatment.